OVERTURE TO “CANDIDE”. LEONARD BERNSTEIN. Clare Grundman. Allegro molto con brio (d =152) cresc. 39 gliss uto ne.

Sheet Music

Scores

Complete Score (CA)
*#525881 - 1.41MB, 29 pp. - 0.0/10 (-) - V/43/39 - Daphnis

General Information

Leonard Bernstein (trans. Clare Grundman)

General Info

Year: 1955 / 1986
Duration: c. 4:45
Difficulty: VI (see Ratings for explanation)
Publisher:Hal Leonard
Cost: Score and Parts - $90.00 Score Only - $19.99

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Instrumentation

Full Score
C Piccolo
Flute I-II
Oboe I-II
Bassoon
E-flat Clarinet
B-flat Clarinet I-II-III
E-flat Alto Clarinet
B-flat Bass Clarinet
B-flat Contrabass Clarinet
E-flat Alto Saxophone I-II
B-flat Tenor Saxophone
E-flat Baritone Saxophone
B-flat Cornet I-II-III
B-flat Trumpet I-II
Horn in F I-II-III-IV
Trombone I-II-III
Euphonium
Bass
String Bass
Harp
Timpani
Percussion, including:

• Bass Drum
• Cymbals (crash)
• Glockenspiel
• Snare Drum
• Tenor Drum
• Triangle
• Xylophone

Errata

• E-flat Alto Saxophone I, measure 218, beat 3 quarter note is a G in the score, and an F on the part - it should be a G.
• Piccolo, measure 223, last eighth note should be F, last quarter note should be E-flat. (score is correct - part is not)

Program Notes

Overture to Candide can be deceptive; on the surface it is a jovial, straightforward concert opener, yet the musical challenges it presents reflect compositional sophistication. Bernstein manipulates time to eradicate a sense of regular downbeats. While exciting for audiences, this technique requires an ensemble capable of exceptional metronomic control. High school and collegiate ensembles can have success with this work, although younger ensembles should expect a need for more preparation time than normally expected of a four-and-a-half minute piece.

- Note from Great Music for Wind Band

Candide was Leonard Bernstein’s third Broadway musical, following On the Town and Wonderful Town. Adapted by Lillian Hellman from Voltaire’s 18th-century satire on blind optimism, Bernstein’s Candide is an operetta set in the castle of the Baron Thunder-ten-Tronckh in the mythical European land of Westphalia. Within these walls live the Baron and Baroness; Cunégonde, their beautiful and innocent virgin daughter; Maximilian, their handsome son; Candide, their handsome bastard nephew; and Paquette, the Baroness’ buxom serving maid. They are taught by Dr. Pangloss, who preaches the philosophy that all is for the best in “The Best of All Possible Worlds.”

Candide and Cunégonde kiss, and Candide is banned from Westphalia. As he leaves, Bulgarians invade, kidnap him and slaughter everyone except for Cunégonde, who they prostitute out to a rich Jew and the Grand Inquisitor. Candide escapes and begins an optimistic, satirical journey, taking with him his sweetheart Cunégonde and Pangloss. Candide journeys to Lisbon, Paris, Buenos Aires, and even the legendary El Dorado, only to discover reality in the forms of crime, atrocity, and suffering. He returns to Venice with Cunégonde, stripped of his idealism. His ultimate emotional maturation concludes in the finale with “You’ve been a fool, and so have I, But come and be my wife, And let us try before we die, To make good sense of life. We’re neither pure nor wise nor good; We’ll do the best we know; We’ll build our house, and chop our wood, And make our garden grow.”

Opening on Broadway on December 1, 1956, Candide was perhaps a bit too intellectually weighty for its first audiences and closed after just 73 performances. Bernstein was less concerned over the money lost than the failure of a work he cared about deeply. The critics had rightly noted a marvelous score, and Bernstein and others kept tinkering with the show over the years. With each revival, Candide won bigger audiences. In 1989, the already seriously ill Bernstein spent his last ounces of vital energy recording a new concert version of the work. “There’s more of me in that piece than anything else I’ve done,” he said.

The sparkling overture captures the frenetic activity of the operetta, with its twists and turns, along with Candide’s simple honesty. From the very beginning, though, the overture was a hit and swiftly became one of the most popular of all concert curtain raisers. Brilliantly written and scored, flying at breakneck speed, it pumps up the adrenaline of players and listeners alike. It features two of the show’s big tunes: the sweeping romantic one is Candide’s and Cunégonde’s love duet “Oh Happy We,” while the wacky up-tempo music is from Cunégonde’s fabulous send-up of coloratura soprano arias, “Glitter and Be Gay.”

- Program note by San Luis Obispo Wind Orchestra concert program, 12 May 2012

Leonard Bernstein always said he wanted to write “the Great American Opera.” He probably came closest with Candide (1956), which he labeled “a comic operetta.” Based on Voltaire’s satirical novel of 1759, it chronicles the misadventures of Candide, a naive, pure-hearted youth, and his much more tough-minded sweetheart, Cunégonde.

- Program Note from University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Wind Ensemble concert program, 21 April 2016

Commercial Discography

• Audio CD:United State Marine Band (Col. John R. Bourgeois, conductor)

State Ratings

• Florida: FBA Band Grade VI
• Georgia: GA Band Grade VI
• Iowa: IA HS MUSIC ASSOC BAND GRADE VI
• Indiana: ISSMA SENIOR BAND GROUP I
• Louisiana: BAND 2011 GRADE V
• Michigan: SENIOR HIGH CLASS AA
• Minnesota: MN HS LEAGUE BAND GRADE I
• Minnesota: Category 1
• Mississippi: MS BAND CLASSES 4A, 5A, & 6A
• North Carolina: Concert Band.Grade VI
• New York: 20 06 CONCERT BAND LEVEL VI
• South Carolina: SC Band Grade VI
• Tennessee: Grade VI
• Texas: Band Grade V.Complete
• Virginia: CONCERT BAND GRADE VI

Performances

To submit a performance please join The Wind Repertory Project

• East Tennessee State University (Johnson City) Wind Ensemble (Christian Zembower, conductor) – 3 March 2020<-- 20 -->
• Ohlone Wind Ensemble (Fremont, Calif.) (Tony Clements, conductor) – 20 October 2019
• University of Texas, Arlington, Wind Symphony (Douglas Stotter, conductor) – 20 September 2019
• University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) Summer Band (Barry Houser, conductor) - 27 June 2019
• Southwest Washington (Vancouver) Wind Symphony (Gerard Morris, conductor) – 19 May 2019
• Blythewood (S.C.) High School Wind Symphony (Quintus Wrighten, conductor) - 4 May 2019
• Genesee Valley Wind Ensemble (Batavia, N.Y.) (Philip J. Briatico, conductor) – 27 April 2019
• United States Coast Guard Band (New London, Conn.) (Adam Williamson, conductor) – 14 April 2019
• University of Delaware (Newark) Wind Ensemble (Lauren Reynolds, conductor) – 21 March 2019
• California State University, Stanislaus, Wind Ensemble (Stuart Sims, conductor) – 14 March 2019
• Lee University (Cleveland, Tenn.) Wind Ensemble (David Holsinger, conductor) – 19 February 2019
• North Lamar High School (Paris, Tx.) Symphonic Band (Randy Jones, conductor) - 15 February 2019 (2019 TMEA Conference, San Antonio)
• University of Ottawa (Ont.) Wind Ensemble (Daniel Gress, conductor) – 7 February 2019
• University of Kansas (Lawrence) Wind Ensemble (Nick Waldron, conductor) – 2 February 2019
• Kennesaw (Ga.) State University Wind Ensemble (David T. Kehler, conductor) – 19 January 2019
• Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.) Symphonic Band (Shawn Vondran, conductor) – 7 December 2018
• University of Iowa (Iowa City) Concert Band (Eric Bush, conductor) – 3 December 2018
• NYSSMA (Rochester, N.Y.) All State Wind Ensemble (James Tapia, conductor) – 1 December 2018
• Belmont University (Nashville, Tenn.) Wind Ensemble (Barry Kraus, conductor) – 28 November 2018
• Riverside (S.C.) High School Wind Ensemble (Quintus Wrighten, conductor) - 6 May 2017

Works for Winds by this Composer

• Almighty Father (arr. Hunsberger) (1971/1974)
• America (arr. Vinson) (1963/2018)
• America from 'West Side Story' (arr. Brown)
• A Bernstein Tribute (adapt. Grundman) (1991)
• Candide Suite (arr. Grundman) (1956/1993)
• Dance Suite (1990)
• Danzón (arr. Bocook) (1944/1990)
• Danzón (arr. Krance) (1944)
• Divertimento (arr. Grundman) (1980/1984)
• Fanfare for the 25th Anniversary of the High School of the Arts (orch. Ramin)
• Fanfare for the Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (orch. Ramin) (1961/1995)
• Four Dances from 'West Side Story' (tr. Polster) (1957/1980)
• Gee, Officer Krupke (arr. Murtha) (1957/2015)
• Glitter and Be Gay (arr. Frenkel) (1956/)
• Glitter and be Gay from 'Candide' (tr. Davis)
• Highlights from 'West Side Story' (arr. Ingram) (1963)
• I Hate Music! (arr. Nowlin) (1943/)
• Make Our Garden Grow (arr. Kreines) (1956/2017)
• Make Our Garden Grow (arr. John Gibson) (1956/)
• Mambo from 'West Side Story' (arr. Sweeney) (1957/2013?)
• Maria from 'West Side Story' (arr. McCoy) (1957)
• Meditation No. 2 from 'Mass' (arr. Hunsberger)
• Musical Toast, A (tr. Grundman) (1982)
• Overture to Candide (trans. Beeler)
• Overture to Candide (tr. Grundman) (1955/1986)
• Prelude, Fugue and Riffs (1974/1991)
• Presto Barbaro from 'On the Waterfront' (arr. Erickson)
• Selections from 'Wonderful Town' (arr. Saurer) (1953)
• Shivaree (1970)
• A Simple Song (arr. Sweeney) (1971/2010)
• Slava! (tr. Grundman) (1977)
• Slava! (arr. Linden) (1977/2011)
• Slava! (tr. Longfield) (1977/)
• Somewhere from 'West Side Story' (arr. Bocook)
• Suite from 'MASS' (arr. Sweeney) (1971/2009 )
• Suite from 'On the Town' (arr. Higgins) (1944)
• Suite from 'West Side Story' (arr. Davis)
• Symphonic Dances from 'West Side Story' (tr. Lavender) (1967/2008)
• Symphonic Suite from 'On the Waterfront' (arr. Bocook) (1954/2011)
• Symphony No. 1 (tr. Bencriscutto)
• Three Dance Episodes from 'On The Town' (arr. Lavender) (1944/2016)
• Three Dance Episodes from 'On The Town' (tr. Stith) (1944/1972)
• West Side Story: Highlights (tr. Ingram)
• West Side Story: Medley (arr. Bocook) (1957/1991)
• West Side Story: Selection (arr. Duthoit) (1957/1959)
• West Side Story (arr. Norris)
• A White House Cantata (tr. Nowlin) (1997/)
• Wrong Note Rag (arr. Ricketts) (1953/2005)

References

• Bernstein, L.; Grundman, C. (1991). Overture to 'Candide' [score]. Jalni Publications: [s.l.]
• Hunsberger, Donald, and Roy E. Ernst. The Art of Conducting. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Miles, Richard B., and Larry Blocher. (2010). Teaching Music through Performance in Band. Volume 1. Chicago: GIA Publications. pp. 682-689.
• Nicholson, Chad. (2009). Great Music for Wind Band: A Guide to the Top 100 Works in Grades IV, V, VI. Galesville, MD: Meredith Music Publications. pp 25-26.